Publications (Peer-Reviewed Articles and Chapters)
Carranza Ko, Ñusta Carranza and Francisco Carranza Romero. 2022. "Desde el otro lado: Mirada indígenx de las estructuras del racismo contra lxs afroperuanxs." Crecimos Antinegros en America Latina y el Caribe, edited by Licho Lopez Lopez and Gioconda Coello. Quito: Editorial Abya Yala, 169-188.
Este artículo examina aspectos del racismo contra gente afroperuana en Perú y cómo la sociedad, a través de los medios de comunicación, marketing y cultura popular, ha socializado y formado generaciones de gente con perspectivas anti-negras. Desde perspectivas indígena y recuerdos personales observamos, analizamos y visibilizamos el racismo contra gente afroperuana a través de la sociolingüística y los marcos conceptuales de las ciencias políticas. El análisis incorpora la alianza entre los pueblos indígenxs y afrodescendientes, propuesta por los hermanos Nicomedes y Victoria Santa Cruz, quienes impulsaron la apertura de los máximos puntos de expresión de lxs artistas afroperuanxs. This article examines aspects of racism anti-Black racism in Peru and how society, through the usage of media and popular culture, has socialized and formed generations of people with anti-black perspectives. From an Indigenous perspective and through our personal stories we observe, analyze, and make visible the racism against Afroperuvians. In doing so, we incorporate the work of the pioneers of Afroperuvian artistic expressions—Nicomedes and Victoria Santa Cruz—on the alliance and solidarity among Indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants. |
Carranza Ko, Ñusta. 2020. “Qishpikayqa Aham: The hardships of becoming” In Taking Place: Indigenous Perspectives on Futures and Learnings, edited by Licho Lopez Lopez and Gioconda Coello. New York: Routledge, 117-134.
This chapter is a reflection of my father’s personal “lucha” (battle) for survival through his experiences of learning and “integration” into society as an indigenous person of Quechua-speaking background. They include reflections of the past with moments of shock which are rendered by the rural-to-city transition, the helpless feeling of a child not understanding any word in class, and the realization that material goods, such as having shoes, differentiate one child from another. These memories are woven in a cyclical time frame, where past memories provide a glimpse into the present and future stories of my father, the people from Quitaracsa, and other Andean communities in Peru. This chapter explains how my father’s experiences continue being part of the present and future for his personal trajectory as a Quechua-scholar who continues his lucha for his ayllu. His stories are also part of the current and future stories of other Andean communities in Peru. Although conditions have improved, with elementary schools in remote indigenous communities, the access to higher learning institutions are still limited. And, even with Quechua-speaking teachers, Spanish remains the dominant language of instruction. Despite its importance in shaping Peruvian identity and culture, Quechua continues being considered as a language of the marginalized, and indigenous peoples remain in their position having to accommodate to the dominant society for survival. The past lucha for indigenous identity, language, and education is the struggle of the present, and speak to the future of the indigenous population of Peru. |
Carranza Ko, Ñusta. 2017. "Comparing Chinese and Japanese Migration Experiences to Peruvian National Identity" "中日秘鲁移民秘鲁国家认同的比较研究" 13 (1): 70-93.
Research on migration has often characterized migration and the state as being in conflict. International migration does present some challenges to the state in accommodating migrants that bring with them various cultural and social identities. Nonetheless, not all migration experiences can be generalized in dichotomous terms. In this sense, the case of the first South American country to elect a president of Japanese origin and to regard a Chinese migrant-owned supermarket chain as representative of the state’s business model merits closer examination. The experience of Chinese and Japanese migrants in Peru contributes to the literature on transnational migration that regards migrants as both recipients of change and agents that influence a state’s national identity. Through measures such as common language acquisition and the adoption of new cultural traditions, Chinese and Japanese migrants were integrated into Peru and thus influenced some changes in the state’s national identity in a less conflictive way. 外来移民给移入国带来不同的文化和社会认同,从而带来一系列挑战。故在现有移民研究中,移民和移入国常被认为处于冲突状态。然而并非所有移民都与移入国文化对立。本文将日裔移民首次当选拉丁美洲国家总统及中国连锁超市成为移入国商业模范作为案例,对此观点进行阐述。本文指出,秘鲁的中国和日本移民在被移入国改变的同时,也影响了移入国的国家认同。中国及日本移民通过语言习得和文化适应融入秘鲁社会,进而通过较为平和的方式给秘鲁的国家认同带来了影响。 |
Carranza Ko, Ñusta. 2013. “Cementing Class Differences: Globalization in Latin America.” Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 12 (3): 411-426.
Critics of globalization address how international trade creates inequality and induces class differences in the international global system. Reflecting these thoughts, this paper examines the effects of economic globalization, international trade, and neoliberal-oriented economic policies on cementing class differences in Peru. Through a qualitative assessment of various international trade agreements, Peru’s membership in the regional trade bloc, and the continuing flow of foreign investment into Peru’s textile and natural resource industries, I determine that the so-called “benefits” of economic globalization have yet to reach the Peruvian socio-economic minority and have instead helped in maintaining the class differences in this South American state. |